TT 590 
.B&S 
Copy 1 




A COMPLETE SYSTEM 



F 



THE RESULT OF 30 YEAE8 PRACTICE &EXPERIENCE 



BY 



W. W. BRUNDAGE. 



"Art is rule, Science is reason." 



NEW YORK: 



Printed by A. MARKER, 83 Essex Street, between Broome and Delancy Streets. 



loev 



EffTT- 



0^ 



■f '•I - 






.^1 



(' 



r 



A COMPETE SYSTEM OF CUTTING. 



THE RESULT OF THIRTY YEARS PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 



® «?¥ ® 



"Art is rule, Science is reason." 



lif^ /6 - S?'^"^ 



Mr. Brundage, the author of this work 
has heen personally and practically known 
to lis tor many years, haying- been connec- 
ted with onr establishment in ihe capacity 
of foreman since 18(k^ dnrino- which time 
an ample opportunity has een afforded of 
this .,System of cutting" which he now 
projjoses to introduce to tlie trade. 

Wc take ii'reat pleasure theretV)re. in 
endorsino- Mr. B. as a man possessing the 
highest order of talent and ability in his 
j^rofession. and we cheerfullv rin-oinriumd 
this work, emanatiiig from his pen. as a 
most valuable auxiliary, and one which 
we think will command the uniyersal ap- 
proval of the trade. 

Ri'NK v^' AVhitk. 



CHiLDREN'S AND BOYS' GLOTHiNG 

AT V.'HCiLb-SALE 
393 BROADV/AY. KE'W YORK. 



PREFACE. 



1 wish to submit to the inspection of 
the trade some ideas upon the art of 
, cutting garments, the result of thirty 
years study and experiment. I do not 
pretend to have found a perfect plan, 
but I do pretend to have found some- 
tliing practical and consistant, that will 
stand the test of reason easy to attain, 
and as clear as an idea can very well 
be made. And as I have had so many 
years practical experiance, I trust I will 
be dealt with leniently by an enlightened 
and inteho-ent fraternity, when I say, 
that in my humble opinion the trade is 
at this time more in want of a correct 
principal for their guide than at any 
former period, as the rapid changest hat 
take place in tlie different styles dem- 



ands a plan to secure the wished, for 
results that will accommodate itself to 
any style and to any operators cajjaiity. 
The simplicity of my ideas are (Itliink) 
their chief recommendation to.particular 
notice. And as my object has been in 
getting this principal into operation, to 
benefit myself alone, and findino; it work 
to my entire satisfaction, and with cer- 
tainty there might be others that would 
like to avail themselves of it, I have 
been induced to place it before the 
public, in a form that will give all a 
chance to obtain it. 

Respectfully, Yours 

W. W. Brundage^ 



Introductory Remarks, 



Tlie autbiir is liiUy Hciiaible of the critical position in 
\vliiclilio places kimself by attempting- to establish a true and 
practical plan for the government ofthc trade. The majority 
of the trade will by this mode be enabled to improve their 
^ircviously acquired knowledge, and the young man without 
practice may now obtain a knowledge equal to the best in the 
trade, upon this simple and easy Biode, which has been mat- 
ured by the most assiduous application and study. What I have 
sought in uiy practice is to produce a result giving what a 
line taste, both in the operator and wearer would desire. 
Tiiere are a great many systems in use and all purporting to 
have found the result required, but in my studies of the difie- 
i-eut plans that I have used, I have failed to discover the one 
thing needful namely the ''how" to obtain a fine fitting gar- 
ment, for all the varieties of form, that present themselves to 
test the abilities of the cutter as an artist and man of science. 
And what my experience is, lias been the experience of almost 
vvety one in the trade; ask any one iu the trade who has had 
some experience, what system he uses, and he will answer 
"none;" he can not lind one that will do the work for which it 
was intended^ and therefore has recourse to his own judge- 
ment obtained in many cases by long years of practice and 
expensive alterations, for, if a plan will not apply to every 
conformation of form and shape, it cannot be admitted to be 
of general use. The author having accomplished what others 
Irave in vain sought to do, namely, discovered a line which 
shall remain an unbroken straight line while all the other 
parts of the garment are projected frum it with unering cer- 
tainty, giving the forepart and back their true relative po- 
sition, one to the other, causing one to follow the other, with 
a, positive certainly, so that one may not be too long or too 
short for the other^ so that it is not left to the judgement of 
the operator, to know whether he has made the correct varia- 
tion or not, and in the end a large and expensive alteration, 
attending his best eilbrts with a wish that he might obtain a 
correct plan for all his future efforts. 

I therefore solicit the attention of the trade to this impor- 
tant discovery, not doubting, but they will acknowledge, that 
it IS not only useful to them as cutters, but a great saving of 
their property and reputation, all being more or less depen. 
dent on their knowledge of fitting the different garments to 
the great diversity ot shape and form, that he has to contend 
wiUi. This mode explains the cause of all the expensive al- 
terations, that the trade has had to contend with. It clearly 
demonstrates the errors of all the proceeding authors and 
sliows that their own calculations and aniitonical and g-eome_ 
trii;al rules and systems for fitting the ditt'erent garments^ 
without being subject to doubtful variations as this mode 
makes its own variations which is clearly shown. 

True science will always produce cause and eii'ect, it 
assists the mind and removes all doubt and conjecture (which 
arc harrasing to minds of very many of the trade) and enables 
the uperatc)r to pursue his calling with pleasure, profit and 
satisfaction to himself and his customers. Teachers of systems 
liji to the present age generally inform new beginners at the 
finishing or last lesson, that their improvement will depend on 
theirpracticojthey tell them nowyouhave asystem(iutende d)to 
'il all pri. portions and positions with wiiich to commence busi- 



ness. The young man with a limited capital and high aspi- 
rations starts business and governed by said system may loose 
his money and co)inection before lie has gained a practical 
knowledge by his experience, and if he should be so fortu- 
nate as to stand his ground, e'/en then his one system pre- 
vents an increase of respectable connection. Why? because 
he has been cutting by that same old system for ten or twenty 
years, without being a practical cutter, or even the hope of 
his. ever becoming what might be termed a passable mechanic 
let him refer to his books and count the cost of his experi- 
ments and what a large amount of money he has expended 
in trying to gain a little insight into one of the noblest and 
most difficult trades, in fact it has become a general idea in 
the trade, that there is not nor can there be any such thing 
as a scientific plan devised to guide men in and through one of 
tiie most tangled labyrintlis tliat ever come under the observa- 
tion of mankind and made so entirely by the many erroneous 
ideas and systems that have from time to time been published 
and sewn broadcast over both, Euiiipe and America. One will 
say my system is a system that works from proportions of the 
breast measure, and then (I would say there can be no such 
thing) another will say my system consists in taking the mea- 
sure with a square and making" the application to the Cloth as 
taken (I would say there can be no sueh thing.) Another will 
say my system consists iu transfering the figure to the cloth 
and thereby producing a fine lilting garment (I would say 
there can be no such thing.) I have used almost every system 
that has fronri time to time made their appearance since I have 
been in the trade and with, results that were not very pleasing 
and lam well acquainted with a great number of the different 
plans now in use, which I have taken the trouble to investi- 
gate and what merit they may be entitled to, I am perfectly 
willing to acknowledge as I expect I shall be judged accor ! 
ding to the merits of my work. I shall try to prove that the 
balance of a coat depends upon the back and forepart, being ] 
the right dimensions for one another, and as I have been seek- | 
ing and have failed to discover in any of the systems the solu - j 
tion of the matter above mentioned, I conclude that any thing | 
new to the trade will be hailed with a feeling of greatfulness, i 
at least to the great majority. I will give the three princi- ij 
ple13 above named a passing notice; 1st. The division of mea- 
sure principle does not, nor can it work, without making 
(what are termed by its admirers) variations which things 
I am pleased to say are very doubtful things, because they ex- 
clude all scientific ideas, and throws the whole matter upon 
the judgement of the cutter, and there are but very few men 
in our trade, that have ever lived (in my opinion) whose judge- 
ment is sufficient for all tliat is required, and therefore engend- 
ers doubt and confusion and bewilders the mind of the mecha- 
nic, making him exclaim: 0, I wish I knew whether this coa 
will fit or not, and so with every coat he cuts, which keeps hif 
mind on a continual stretch, and the tension is only taken ofi 
when he sees the coat on the customer, and has learnec 
whether he has made a fit or an alteration. 

I do not consider it worth my attention to give the namei 
of any of the gentlemen, that have contributed their talent i 
this line, and that have sewn broadcast over Europe and Amf 



•• 



o 



lica, an amount uf urnjr, that it will take ages to counteract, 
their names are as familiar to the trade as Louseliold words, 
and in the principles they liave laid (hjwn, there may be some 
merit, and dune A-ery well for the times in ^yJlich they were 
published. But systems of division of jiieasurc are and ought 
to be consigned to the past as wortJiless trash not worth an 
hours notice. And as tor the principal tliat takes the measure 
with a square, and through ignorance undertakes to make the 
application of the same to the cloth I merely say that such 
a thing is utterly impossible, that no such thing, as taking the 
measure of a conical figure with a scpiare, and making the 
application on a plain, can exist with any degree of certainty 
and like the division principal at tbis day, it has its disciples 
and admirers for the want of something better, and as for the 
jirinciple called the transfer. I liave never seen any thing yet, 
tiiat would do the work for which it was intended. But as this 
is a progressive age and people, all che different works, that 
have been published on the .subject i if cutting, has served to I 



create a spirit of inquiry and has led to the accomphshment. 
of securing to future ages a plan that will in its working prod- 
uce a fine fitting garment, and accomodate itself to every va- 
riety of figure and style of garment with all the accuracy of a 
mathematical problem. It Las often been said to me, that a 
tape measure was not, nor can be any thing accurate, whereby 
to obtain the form of all the different %urs, that the cutter 
meets in hm practice, gut 1 will here say, that suiierficiaJ 
measurement with a tape line has answered my purpose 
beyond my most sanguine hopes, and is in my humble opinion 
the only means, that will ever be successfully used, to obtain 
the measures of the different figures of crstomere tliat pre- 
sent themselves before the cutter, and the .mly instrument, 
necessary to obtain the garment after the measure so taken,' 
as far as measurement is concerned, all of which is respect- 
fully submitted and devlicated to the trade. 

By 

The Author 



DIRECTIONS FOR MEASURES FOR A COAT. 



Fir^t mark for the top of back and 
then ascertain where the seam of sleeve 
Avili come in the back scye, let your 
tape measure extend across the back 
from back scye to back scye, and 
where the line crosses the back seam 
make a mark as at A, 
make as at 2, then mark at 
natural length of waist. 
Now place the measure at 
1 and measure to A, say 
5^ inches to 2 x 9 inches, 
to the natural waist 1 6-}y, 
to the full length of waist 
10, and then to the length 
of coat 39 inches; then 
raise the arm and bend the 
elbow at right angles with 
the front of Breast and 
and measure to the width 
of back 7i, elbow 21| 
and full length of sleeve 
32. then measure how lar- 
ge vou wish your armho- 
1('15^; then from the top 
(^f back at 1 around in 
front of arm to the same shormbjo 
})lace, say 27 inches; from A around in 
front of the arm to A, say 26^ inches, 
from 1 around in front to 2, say 23 j in- 
ches from 1 to natural waist 24 inches, 
and size of breast and waist under 
the coat, breast 35, waist 30. 

Recapitulation of measure: 5^, 16^,1 



19, 39, nh 2H, 32, 15^, 27, 2(>i 
23i424,;_35, 30. 

The measures for an over garment 
are the same as for the frock coat. 

For a round shouldered man a mea- 
sure as from 1 to the middle of back 
scye should be taken which 
would make the measures 
stand, say h\ down, 7^} 
wide and 8| inches to 1. 
FOR PANTS. 
Place the measure at 
the hip as lugh as you wisli 
the pants, and measure 
the outside seam, say 42 
inches; then measure the 
length of inside seam, 32 
inches; size of waist 30, 
hip3 6,and the size required 
at bottom, say 1 Hinches. 
FOR A VEST. 
The measures for a vest 
arc the shoulder measure, 
27, breast 35, waist 30, 
length 25, and then as 
high as you wish ^\q vest 
to close, say 10- inches. 
I have endeavoured to give all 
the measures that are necessary, and 
as few as possible, because 1 think, 
that many measures only tend to con- 
fuse the operator. 




— 7 — 



Explanation for Frack Coat Plate 1. 

It will be perceived, that the mea- 
sure from 1 around in ^^front of arm 
to 1 is 27 inches, and the measure 
from 1 around in front of arm to 2 is 
23}. 

Now the great question is, — what 
shall we do with these measures, the 
breast measure being 35 inches. Now 
suppose w^e make a few figures by way 
of illustration. 



Lenght of waist 


Breast measare. 


ShoaMer meainre. Blade measure 


I6i 




35 




27 23} 


IGi 




34 




27 22| 


16| 




33 




27 22} 


Now 


the 


above 


fio-ures are nothino- 


more th 


an 


every 


mail 


meets almost 



every day in his practice, and after we 
have found the measures to vary to such 
a great degree, the question naturally 
comes up — Avhat shall we do with 
them to produce the same results for 
one fio-ure, that we do for another, na- 
mely a good fitting coat for all? Now 
we Avill make a few more figures. 
Shoulder measure. Blade measure. 

27 9 36 

27 9 3G 

27 9 3G 
You Avill perceive, by observing, that 
one third added to the shoulder mea- 
sure of itself that you have the remain- 
der of 36 inches for the whole three of 
the figures, and that the blade measure 
varies itself by the addition of one half 
of itself to itself, producing two distinct 
scales, to get out the shoulder of the 
(•oat (or any other garment fitting the J 



23:1^ 


llf 


34| 


22| 


111 


34-1 


221 


iH 


m 



shoulders) by (and whatlman by scales) 
are graduated inches 27 producing the 
exact inch and all other measures are in- 
ches in the proportion that the measures 
are in proportion to 27, So to draft the 
garment to 27,and 23} you wdll use the 
scales, agreeing with half of 36x18 and 
half of 35x1 7 } inches, which agre es w ith 
23} blade. Now^ tovary thisfor 27 shoul- 
der and 22} blade, you will use 18 and 
16} scales, and the application makes 
the variation in the draft complete, which 
will be explained as we go along. It 
will be found necessary to cut a pattern, 
as the back and forepart are drafted 
at the same time. The scale produced 
by the blade measure is used from K 
to 16f as 3^, 9, 12 and 16f numbers 
and from the back seam for the Avidth 
of back 8} and 7^ No. And the scale 
produced by the first or upper shoulder 
measure produces the balance of the 
shoulder as follows: Unes B and C forma 
square and from K on line C 3^, 9,12 
and 16f of blade measure. Now square 
line H from 16f, you now take the 
scale by the shoulder measure, and 
from 9 to strike line H at P, 14}^ as re- 
presented by Vlotted lines, and from 1 2 
to at top of back 14f , after obtaining 
the top of back you go from down 
the back seam 4^, 5f, 6}, 16^ and 19 
inches and to the full length of the coat. 
Now^ square the lines and go across the 
back Si No. from 4| and 7i No. from 
6}. (Or a very good plan is to get 
out the back entirely by measurement). 
You now square from 3^ and carry 
in your back as represented, making 



-^ 8 -^ 



the natural length of Wcaist, strike on line 
M, square line D from B, at the full 
length of waist. The distance from K to 
21 is obtained by a scale agreeing with 
the breast measure, 35 inches or what- 
ever it may be, and the curve is cast 
from K. You now follow down line E 
4i No. from P aud square to I, vfliich 
giVes the neck gorge. You now take the 
second shoulder measure, and from 5 J 
on the back seam to 12 and to curve 
N (which is cast from 12) will be 1 inch 
niore than the measure From P 5f No. 
to strike the curve N. gives the close of 
the shoulder. The dotted line represent- 
ing the side seam,givesfrom | to -| of an 
inch well, if the customer is flat ^ inch, 
if round f of an inch. 

You are now ready to close up all the 
points and give shape to the garment. 
It will, I think,be readily perceived that 
it matters not what shape you cut the 
back,as the forepart must of necessity 
fojdow. The sleeve and skirt are so plain, 
I do not consider it necessary to give 
any explanation further than I have giv- 
en, in the diagrams, and the directions 
here laid down is the same for all tlie 
(lifl'erent coat forms except the change 
of No. on the scales and the application 
of the 2nd shoulder measure,wliich you 
will hnd noted for each draft. My ideas 
are a little different from most men in 
tlie trade in as much as I take for my 
model a first rate fitting garment of 
tlie style I wish to cut, and by supply- 



ino- the same conditions in all cases, I 
produce in all cases the same results. 

On plate 2 from of on back seam 
to 12 and to curve N is f of an inch 
more than the measure. 

Plate 4, }j inch more; 

Plate 5, 2 J inches more; 

Plate 7, 2^ inches more; 

On Plate 6 the second shoulder mea- 
sure is not apphed, as you will see by 
refering ta the plate. 

All over garments are drafted by 
the same scales tliat body coats are^ 
the addition being made in the draft 
instead of the measure and here let 
me observe, that a man can never be 
too careful in taking his measur(\ 

THE VEST PLATE 8 

Is drafted in tlie same way, that the 
coat is with 3 scales, and will I think, 
very readily begot. The distance from 
A to B will always be H- inches more 
than ~ of the whole waist liieasure, 
and then I always make from B to C, 
and D to E 3 inches more tlian half 
the waist measure. 

THE CAPE PLATE 7 
From I to 6 the length of cajjc from (> 
to 5, 1 J inches, and the neck of cape 
is cut by the back and forepart Avith 
the shoulber, closing at 4 as 1, 2, 3, 
take oflF the same length in front tliat 
you do back and find a sweep between 
1 and 3, that will strike both points, 
for tlie bottom of cape. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3. 

The first move in drafting a pair 
of pants is to select scales agreeing 
with the hip and botton measures as for 
example; if the hip measure is 36 and 
the botton measure 18 inches the same 
scale of 36 will do the whole. But 
suppose you should wish to cut to 36 
hip and 16 bottom you will use two 
scales, the scales of 36 and 32 and so 
for every variation of measures the 
numbers will follow as given on the 
plate, A being the base line, line D is 
drawn through 4^ at bottom and 9 at 
hip from D to B is j of the waist mea^ 
sure curve C from 9. (The dotted li- 
nes show how a paii' of paints are made 
to take the shape ot the leg.) A straight 
line from line A to cut curve C for the 
raise of back part. And form the 
pants as represented. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10. 



Draw line D from o to 16^ and 19 
inches From 16|inches to curve A 1 fin- 
ches more than the balance measure. 
From o curve B 14|. From o curve E 
11) J drawHnefromGtoFanclfromO 4^^ 
and 13f square from 4^ by Hne C and 
square from the back seam to strike line 
I 21 of the Breast measure scale, From 
o 5f down line D. From 5f to F and 
curve J f of an inch more than the 2nd 
shoulder measure from G to strike cur- 
ve J 5f. From F to curve K 14^. 
Now lay the back in, at the top from 
161 vvhich will find the scye point as 
represented. Curve L by H from 21. 

You are now ready to close up the 
shoulder of the coat. 

M is curved from G and to form the 
waist seam you raise from the point 



of the sideseam 2 inches and take from 
M at the size of tlie waist 2 inches, 
which completes the draft. This draft 
I consider far in advance of the one I 
have given on Plate 1 and combines 
the measures in such a way as to pro- 
duce a proof for any system that is now 
in use or that has been used or ever 
will be used. The dotted lines follow 
the application of the measures. The 
Blade measure scale is not used in this 
draft. The Breast measure only once 
fromtheback seam to number 21. All 
tlie rest of the numbers ])y the 1st shoul- 
der scale. Plate J) is drafted in the 
same way that plate 10 is drafted witli 
the exception of the change of the 
numbers. 



"^ M i fi l ,f , 1 , /P, I i f, 1/ 1 - 








^ 












^^^,^^^+1:^:^' ^;^']:^^ ' '.1^^ 



rTTTTTr 



I I I U~rl I I I r 



r-" — I ' ' ' 'I ' ' ' ' ' ' 'l ' ' ' ' l ' I I i| I I I I, I I I i | I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I T~~r 



T TTTr 



l y h I it, I i f I I l /hl I it l I i t, I ,t rfn4^^r+r^^^^^r4V+. h I , h I , k , I 



ii /K I i /K I i /K I ,, ^ K I , /K I ,>, I .>■, I I K i,)'' i I , >M , K 1 1 K I , k , I 



■ 1 ....................... - . rr-r l - i I I I I I Ti I I I I I I I I I I I 

t^. t . I . /K I i t , I ,ti I ,/ h h - l , 1 1 K 1 1 K I i.K I i K I I K i , .K i , K i^4vk- 



i I i/ K I . /K I , /h I i /k , I i t 1 1 it ^^+-r4^+rt^^i I K I I h I I H i I , K I I K I i n I I I- 1 I 
'^ I ■ I i .t i I i f I I I f I I , ^h I y'\ I I i t, I , /K I ^1 , > i ^^^ I i T , I I K i I , K I , k , i^J^ 



I I III I I. 



I i.T I I I, h- 1 I; r I I I r I I I r I I I r I I I I I I I ri I I I h I I If I I 



TTT 



, . . I it i I ifi I i /K I i/K I iti I i-ti I i/h I i tV i l it; I I K I I h I , h I I h I I K h h I I fi I I 

^: Kl I I tl I i fi I I t l I l^^^ l I it, 1 i t I I I t ^T#,f T-K-hr-I^.H I K I I ,K I I \\ I I Ki I I K 1 I h I I f I P r 



i tl I i lK I i t l I i t l I i ti lifi l-rT^^ 



II I I I 



^3 



I I IT I I I n I IT I 



' h I iti I i '\ I I i t i I I K i I I Ki I I K I I h I I K i I I K 1 if^ 



I I I I I I I I I 



Kr+T^K-l-T-fnhrfH-l-^-^T^^^^ I i t i I i t i I i f i tr^fr-^-M^ i I i K I i h I i ,K i I i V^ I i h =h 



I I iT i I iTi I I T l I i T nH iT i I I Tl I iT I I i 



^r+^ 



I I II I I r 



I I I I I I I I I I M T-r 



fv K i I i t i I i /K -t-T- t i I iti I it i I i ti n ^i 1 1 h I i i K I i ,h I i,h I i, h \ \U \ if i ^ 



T-TT 



TLATE I. 




Kuti-rel accopling to Act of Congress in th« 
Distriit.if New York. 



ycr IS«7 l.y W. W. Rrun.la,.. i„ tU. CUtUs offi..e of the IMstri.t Court of the U. S. of th. Scuhcru 



PLATE ri. 




•-•urt r.( (he U S. (<,r (he Son(hcrn District of New York. 



PLATE III. 




Entored according to Act of Congress in tbo year 1867 by W. W. Bniii- 
dage in the C'leiks office of the District Court of the U. S. for the Soutliern 
District of New York. 



PLATE IV. 




EntsreJ according to Act of Congress in the year 1867 by VC. W. Brun- 
dage in the Clerks efficeof the District Court of the U. S. for the Southern 
District of Nrw York. 



PLATE V. 



N FROM 19% 




Eiitpr(nl accnrdiiig to Act of Congress in the yc.ir lc:l!7 liv V. \\'. lirund.igi' in 
of the U. S. for the Southern LMslric-t .ifNfw York. 



iIm- Clc-rlii! olfieef the District Court 



PLATE VI. 




M^,ur;n ,vvmmug to Act ot CWress in Die year I8C7 by "W W 

wwfn"; "% v''''"v "!^'' "^'^^ ^'"'"'' C-Jurt of the TJ.S.of.h, 
hontnern District of Nt-w York. 



PLATE VI r. 




. <•<. .1. v»., i-iwl,vV \V BrandaiTP in il" Clerks ofiicef the District Court 

Ku:iT«J acccrdiuB to Act of Congress in tlif >c.ii I l>/ i,\ \ . w . nrana.ii," 
I the U. S. lor tlie Southern Fiislrict ofNcw York. 



PLATE VIII. 




Kntei«J according to Act of Congress in the jear 1867 by W. W. Bnind.ige in the C'lcikg 
office of the District Court of the U. S. for the Southern District of NewTork. 



PLATE IX. 




Ent.red .ccording to Act of Congress in the ye;ir 1667 by W. W. Biuiidage in 
tbeClerk. .ffice of theDistrictConrt of the U.S.fortheSoutl.crn District uf New York. 



Plate X. 



J 5%. 




Eiitsred according to Act of Congress in tlie year 1807 by W. W. Brnnrlago in tlie C'k-rli 
office of the District Court of tbe U. S. for the Southern District of New York. 



LIBRPRY OF CONGRESS 
014 082 769 1 # 



